Charging a moonstone in the sun is perfectly fine for short periods. The main thing to watch out for is water, as moonstones can actually dissolve if they get rained on or left damp overnight. They also become more fragile when wet, so it’s best to keep them dry.
While sunlight is generally safe, leaving a moonstone in direct sun for many days or weeks can cause its color to fade over time. This same advice applies to other clear crystals like amethyst or citrine, though some are more resistant to fading. A good practice is to just give your moonstone brief sun exposure rather than leaving it out for long stretches.
If you’re concerned about fading, you might prefer charging your moonstone under moonlight instead. This method works well for crystals that are sensitive to sunlight or feel more connected to lunar energy. If you're ever unsure whether a particular crystal can handle the sun, a quick search online can give you helpful tips.